{"id":9350,"date":"2019-07-10T16:24:28","date_gmt":"2019-07-10T19:24:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.amazoniasocioambiental.org\/radar\/infraestrutura-amazonica-coloca-em-risco-68-das-terras-indigenas-areas-protegidas-relatorio\/"},"modified":"2019-07-10T16:44:39","modified_gmt":"2019-07-10T19:44:39","slug":"infraestrutura-amazonica-coloca-em-risco-68-das-terras-indigenas-areas-protegidas-relatorio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/en\/radar\/infraestrutura-amazonica-coloca-em-risco-68-das-terras-indigenas-areas-protegidas-relatorio\/","title":{"rendered":"Amazon infrastructure puts 68% of indigenous lands \/ protected areas at risk: report"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>By Jenny Gonzales<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>28 June 2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Mongabay<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<div class=\"bulletpoints\">\n<ul>\n<li><em>68 percent of the indigenous lands and protected natural areas in the nine nations encompassing the Amazon region are under pressure from roads, mining, dams, oil drilling, forest fires and deforestation, according to a new report by RAISG, the Amazonian Geo-referenced Socio-Environmental Information Network.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>Of the 6,345 indigenous territories located within the nine Amazonian countries surveyed, 2,042 (32 percent) are threatened or pressured by two types of infrastructure activities, while 2,584 (41 percent) are threatened or pressured by at least one. Only 8 percent of the total are not threatened or pressured at all.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>In the case of the 692 protected natural areas in the Amazon region, 193 (28 percent) suffer three kinds of threat or pressure, and 188 (27 percent) suffer threats or pressure from two activities.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>\u201cThese are alarming numbers: 43 percent of the protected natural areas and 19 percent of the indigenous lands are under three or more types of pressure or threat,\u201d said J\u00falia Jacomini, a researcher with the ISA, Instituto Socioambiental, an NGO and RAISG partner.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Already completed and proposed infrastructure projects, along with infrastructure investment plans, either directly threaten or put pressure on 68 percent of the indigenous lands and protected natural areas in the Amazon region, according to a newly published report prepared by the Amazonian Geo-referenced Socio-Environmental Information Network (RAISG), a group of specialists from NGOs and other organizations within six Amazon region countries.<\/p>\n<p>The data sets are presented in the form of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/pt-br\/publicacao\/pressoes-e-ameacas-sobre-as-areas-protegidas-e-territorios-indigenas-da-amazonia-2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">six maps<\/a>, each corresponding to an infrastructure-related activity or practice present in the Amazon, including transport (ie. roads), energy (ie. hydroelectric dams), mining, oil, deforestation and fires. The 2019 edition takes account of development in the headwaters of Amazonian rivers, information not included in past reports. The nine nations evaluated are Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Guiana, Suriname and French Guiana.<\/p>\n<p>RAISG reveals that, of the 6,345 indigenous territories located within the nine Amazonian countries surveyed, that 2,042 (32 percent) are threatened or pressured by two types of infrastructure activities, while 2,584 (41 percent)\u00a0are threatened or pressured by at least one. Only 8\u00a0percent\u00a0of the total are not threatened or pressured at all.<\/p>\n<p>In the case of the 692 protected natural areas in the region, 193 (28 percent)\u00a0suffer three kinds of threat or pressure, and 188 (27\u00a0percent) suffer threats or pressure from two activities.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThese are alarming numbers: 43\u00a0percent of the protected natural areas and 19\u00a0percent of the indigenous lands are under three or more types of pressure or threat. The data demonstrate that the implementation of infrastructure works in the region clash with the way of life of the people in those areas, as well as [with] the preservation of both,\u201d said J\u00falia Jacomini, a researcher with the ISA, Instituto Socioambiental, an NGO and RAISG partner.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image image=&#8221;9339&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">190 oil spills were registered in the Peruvian Amazon between 1997 and 2016, according to Peruvian government data. In 2016 alone, at least ten oil spills occurred due to ruptures along the Norperuano pipeline. Image courtesy of Federaci\u00f3n ACODECOSPAT.<\/h5>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Mining and oil pressures<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>According to RAISG, of the 390 million hectares (1.5 million square miles)\u00a0officially protected by indigenous and natural areas in the nine Amazon nations, 87.2 million hectares (336,600\u00a0square miles), or 22 percent of the total, are subject to threat or pressure from mining and oil projects.<\/p>\n<p>Among these countries, Brazil\u2019s natural protected areas and indigenous reserves are seeing the greatest pressure from mining, with 108 million hectares (416,990 square miles) threatened. Venezuela is\u00a0second, with 11.5 million hectares (44,401\u00a0square miles) under pressure. According to RAISG experts, although illegal mining is present in all Amazonian countries, the greatest environmental destruction comes from official projects supported by federal and regional governments.<\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-9359\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/mapa-mineracao_en.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"928\" height=\"493\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/mapa-mineracao_en.jpg 928w, https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/mapa-mineracao_en-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/mapa-mineracao_en-768x408.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/mapa-mineracao_en-500x266.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 928px) 100vw, 928px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Regarding oil development, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru and Brazil occupy the most Amazon territory, with a combined area under pressure of almost 58 million hectares (223,939 square miles). Oil exploration, drilling and transport have brought huge environmental damage to Peru and Ecuador, with 190 oil spills registered in the Peruvian Amazon between 1997 and 2016,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/es.mongabay.com\/2016\/09\/protestas-negociaciones-tras-derrames-petroleo-la-amazonia-peruana\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">according<\/a>\u00a0to Osinergmin, the country\u2019s energy and mining investment oversight body.\u00a0Those spills were mainly due to aging infrastructure at the most productive wells (mostly established during the 1970s which have not received proper maintenance), as well as to acts of vandalism.<\/p>\n<p>Oil exploration in Ecuador \u2014 which accounts for 50 percent of the country\u2019s exports and 11 percent of its GDP \u2014 has resulted in more than 650,000 barrels of spilled\u00a0oil and related deforestation, impacting 2 million hectares (7,722 square miles) since the 1970s.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image image=&#8221;9333&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;fadeIn&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>In the 21st Century, deforestation within indigenous territories and protected areas has been concentrated in a number of regions, including the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. Most forests cut there make way for cattle ranching and industrial agribusiness. Image by F\u00e1bio Garcia Moreira \/ ISA.<\/em><\/h5>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Forests and savannas\u00a0under threat \u2014 the Brazilian example<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Between 2000 and 2015, according to RAISG, 10.3 million hectares (39,768 square miles) of Amazon forest was cut down within indigenous areas and protected areas, accounting for 12 percent of the total deforestation in all of Amazonia over that period.<\/p>\n<p>Deforestation in conserved areas was heavily concentrated within several regions. In Brazil, for example, the states of Par\u00e1 and Mato Grosso both are seeing extensive deforestation, with much of the pressure coming from land grabbers, the cattle and soy industries. Also seriously under pressure in Brazil are the Jaci-Paran\u00e1 State Extractive Reserve, the Rio Pardo protection area (UC), and the Jaru Biological Reserve (in Rond\u00f4nia state); the indigenous lands of the Yanomami people (in Roraima state); and the indigenous lands of the Guajaj\u00e1 and Guajajara peoples (in Maranh\u00e3o state).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-9342\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/mapa-estradas.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"679\" height=\"483\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/mapa-estradas.jpg 679w, https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/mapa-estradas-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/mapa-estradas-500x356.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 679px) 100vw, 679px\" \/><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>The opening of new roads, railways and industrial waterways in Amazonia has always been, and likely always will be, the main vector of transformation in the region. Map courtesy of InfoAmazonia.<\/em><\/h5>\n<p>Threats to Brazilian protected areas and indigenous reserves are expected to worsen under the current government of rightist Jair Bolsonaro, which continues in its efforts to weaken environmental protections. On June 6, the president complained in his\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RgpWl4gtyqM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">weekly broadcast<\/a>\u00a0that the nation\u2019s constitution does not allow him to extinguish conservation units (UCs) by decree, and he protested that indigenous lands, the UCs, and quilombolas (communities of runaway slave descendants) hinder the economy of the northern region, including the Amazon.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, Brazil Environment Minister Ricardo Salles confirmed a plan to eliminate six of the 11 regional coordinators for ICMBio, the agency responsible for the country\u2019s 335 conservation units, which cover 9.1 percent of the national territory and 24.4 percent of its marine area. Salles\u2019\u00a0justification\u00a0for the ICMBio staff reductions was cost: \u201cThe measure is being studied as a way to improve management, rationalize resources and create administrative efficiency,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>Another new threat to Brazil\u2019s protected lands: the Ministry of Agriculture recently\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.florestal.gov.br\/proximas-concessoes\/141-concessoes-florestais\/proximas-concessoes\/flona-amapa\/1661-floresta-nacional-do-amapa-ap-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">issued<\/a>\u00a0a public bid offering 60 percent of Amap\u00e1 National Forest for timber exploitation, an area covering 267,000 hectares (1,030 square miles) in the Amazon basin. The Brazilian Forest Service (SFB), recently shifted to the Agriculture Ministry, expects the concession to produce 132,000 cubic meters (4,661 cubic feet) of timber, and to generate R$ 3.6 million (US$ 0.9 million) annually.<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<p>Threats to Brazilian protected areas and indigenous reserves are expected to worsen under the current government of rightist Jair Bolsonaro, which continues in its efforts to weaken environmental protections. On June 6, the president complained in his\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=RgpWl4gtyqM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">weekly broadcast<\/a>\u00a0that the nation\u2019s constitution does not allow him to extinguish conservation units (UCs) by decree, and he protested that indigenous lands, the UCs, and quilombolas (communities of runaway slave descendants) hinder the economy of the northern region, including the Amazon.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, Brazil Environment Minister Ricardo Salles confirmed a plan to eliminate six of the 11 regional coordinators for ICMBio, the agency responsible for the country\u2019s 335 conservation units, which cover 9.1 percent of the national territory and 24.4 percent of its marine area. Salles\u2019\u00a0justification\u00a0for the ICMBio staff reductions was cost: \u201cThe measure is being studied as a way to improve management, rationalize resources and create administrative efficiency,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>Another new threat to Brazil\u2019s protected lands: the Ministry of Agriculture recently\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.florestal.gov.br\/proximas-concessoes\/141-concessoes-florestais\/proximas-concessoes\/flona-amapa\/1661-floresta-nacional-do-amapa-ap-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external noopener noreferrer\" data-wpel-link=\"external\">issued<\/a>\u00a0a public bid offering 60 percent of Amap\u00e1 National Forest for timber exploitation, an area covering 267,000 hectares (1,030 square miles) in the Amazon basin. The Brazilian Forest Service (SFB), recently shifted to the Agriculture Ministry, expects the concession to produce 132,000 cubic meters (4,661 cubic feet) of timber, and to generate R$ 3.6 million (US$ 0.9 million) annually.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-9336\" src=\"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Um-inc\u00eandio-florestal-na-bacia-do-rio-Xingu-no-Brasil..jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Um-inc\u00eandio-florestal-na-bacia-do-rio-Xingu-no-Brasil..jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Um-inc\u00eandio-florestal-na-bacia-do-rio-Xingu-no-Brasil.-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Um-inc\u00eandio-florestal-na-bacia-do-rio-Xingu-no-Brasil.-500x333.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center;\">A raging wildfire in Brazil\u2019s Xingu River basin. Fire is often used as a means of clearing forest for the establishment of cattle ranches and croplands. Image by Vinicius Mendonc\u0327a \/ Ibama.<\/h5>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Bolivia is one of the countries that most\u00a0suffered from fires between 2005 and 2018, losing 18.7 million hectares (72,201\u00a0square miles) of Cerrado savanna biome and Amazon forests. 2010 saw the largest losses there, when fires associated with drought raged over more than 8.5 million hectares (32,818\u00a0square miles).<\/p>\n<p>Of the 13 million hectares (50,193 square miles) of forest burned on indigenous lands in the Pan-Amazon between 2000 and 2014, eight million hectares (30,888 square miles) occurred in Brazil (61 percent of the total). And of the 11 million hectares (42,471 square miles) burned in protected areas, seven million (27,027 square miles) were in Brazil (63 percent).<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe central point of this study is to show the need of acquiring an integral vision of the region to fight the destruction that has been taking place,\u201d concluded Jacomini. Threats need to be clearly articulated \u201camong the Amazonian countries [in order to] create cooperative initiatives, otherwise it will be very difficult to mitigate those impacts.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe Amazon is a region shared by nine countries. If some of them implement effective deforestation control policies and others do not,\u00a0the whole region will keep suffering. An oil spill that occurs in one country, for example, will cause impacts in neighboring countries, as we are talking about a region with interconnected ecosystems,\u201d she said<\/p>\n<p>The participating organizations in the newest RAISG study included ISA and Imazon (Brazil); the Friends of Nature Foundation (Bolivia); Gaia Amazonas (Colombia), the Ecuadorian Foundation for Ecological Studies (Ecuador), The Common Good Institute\u00a0(Peru), Provita and the Amazonian Socio-environmental Working Group \u2013 Wataniba (Venezuela).<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2019\/06\/amazon-infrastructure-puts-68-of-indigenous-lands-protected-areas-at-risk-report\/[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nas nove na\u00e7\u00f5es que abrangem a regi\u00e3o amaz\u00f4nica, 68% das terras ind\u00edgenas e \u00e1reas naturais protegidas est\u00e3o sob press\u00e3o de estradas, minera\u00e7\u00e3o, barragens, perfura\u00e7\u00e3o de petr\u00f3leo, inc\u00eandios florestais e desmatamento, de acordo com um novo relat\u00f3rio da RAISG, a Rede Amaz\u00f4nica de Informa\u00e7\u00e3o Socioambiental Georreferenciada.<br \/>\nDos 6.345 territ\u00f3rios ind\u00edgenas localizados nos nove pa\u00edses amaz\u00f4nicos pesquisados, 2.042 (32%) est\u00e3o amea\u00e7ados ou pressionados por dois tipos de atividades de infraestrutura, enquanto 2.584 (41%) est\u00e3o amea\u00e7ados ou pressionados por pelo menos um. Apenas 8% do total n\u00e3o s\u00e3o amea\u00e7ados ou pressionados.<br \/>\nNo caso das 692 \u00e1reas naturais protegidas na regi\u00e3o amaz\u00f4nica, 193 (28%) sofrem tr\u00eas tipos de amea\u00e7a ou press\u00e3o e 188 (27%) sofrem amea\u00e7as ou press\u00e3o de duas atividades.<br \/>\n\u201cEstes s\u00e3o n\u00fameros alarmantes: 43% das \u00e1reas naturais protegidas e 19% das terras ind\u00edgenas est\u00e3o sob tr\u00eas ou mais tipos de press\u00e3o ou amea\u00e7a\u201d, disse J\u00falia Jacomini, pesquisadora do ISA, Instituto Socioambiental, uma ONG e parceira da RAISG.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":9346,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9350","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-radar","category-3","description-off"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9350","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9350"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9350\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9361,"href":"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9350\/revisions\/9361"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9346"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9350"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9350"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.raisg.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9350"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}